Washington
Atlee Burpee (1858-1915) started young in his interest in poultry breeding and
other farm animals, included collies and finally seeds. There is much lore surrounding the sixteen
year old developing expert in genetics (see www.burpee.com) but one thing certain, he was to
become a highly intelligent business man.
By the
1880s, the W. Atlee Burpee Company was supplying seed as well as
livestock. His guarantee of satisfaction
for one year from date of purchase and the beauty of his catalogs contributed
to success.
Typically
he used immigrant watercolorists from Germantown, PA to paint the pictures of
the plants you could grow from his seeds.
A problem
that still exists today, Burpee found the seeds he brought from Europe had poor
germination and were susceptible to diseases because the United States is
mostly further south than European countries.
Enter hybridization or selective breeding for desirable characteristics. (Burpee created the first hybrid vegetables.)
From his
large world-famous plant development facility, their experiments produced the
best European vegetables and flowers that had been improved and adapted to American
growing conditions. By the 1890s, Burpee
was the largest seed company in the world.
The early
catalogs (Burpee’s Farm Annual) had mostly farm crops including the supplement
covering animals and tools.
Luther
Burbank, brilliant eccentric wizard of multiple plant crosses, was a
cousin. After Burbank’s death, Burpee
acquired the rights to his seeds, experimental work and breeding records.
After W.A.
Burpee’s death, his son, David became head of the firm. Burpee was the innovator of the “War Garden”
in WWI and the “Victory Garden” in WWII. Both credited with bringing seeds and family gardens to America.
Hybridization
was emphasized at Burpee bringing an entirely new dimension to
horticulture. (Burpee’s Big Boy tomato,
Crenshaw Melon and the Red and Gold Marigold are some of the first.)
Flowers
were David Burpee’s great love and his favorite was the marigold. The story of his hybridization of marigolds
is a long and exciting tale. Add to that
the innovations and experiments of ongoing importance and the list of Burpee
introductions fills pages. Their ability
to withstand the changes brought on by wars, isolation, disease and theft has proved valuable.
It was
David Burpee who officially enlisted the support of Senator Everett Dirksen of
Illinois in the movement to name the marigold the national flower. Burpee's marketing methods are lessons for any business to learn.
There are
reams of historical documentation on the breeding work done by the Burpee
company. Still more on the shelves of
today’s stores with the best of their seeds.
W. Atlee and David Burpee were both civic minded and used their business to help Americans feed their families with the best seeds available. We should be grateful for those innovations as we plant our seeds and harvest our produce.
W. Atlee and David Burpee were both civic minded and used their business to help Americans feed their families with the best seeds available. We should be grateful for those innovations as we plant our seeds and harvest our produce.
By the
1970s, Burpee was regularly introducing new varieties from outside programs as
well as their own. In 1970, David Burpee
sold his company to General Food. In
1979, the company was acquired by ITT.
The Company merged with the George J. Ball, Inc. company in 1991.
The
Smithsonian Gardens (in its Archives of American Gardens) has the business
records (including seed catalogs) of W. Atlee Burpee & Co.
As with
most old seed company catalogs and displays, Burpee’s are very collectable. There
are loads of other information out there especially about their own
introductions.
